Using Persuasive Examples in Writing an Essay

Using Persuasive Examples in Writing an EssayIf you're planning to write an essay but don't know how to go about it, then keep reading. There are many persuasive samples you can use to get ideas for your own essay. The idea of writing an essay is something many students have in common. If you don't know how to get started writing a persuasive essay, then here are some persuasive samples you can take from.Firstly, if you've already decided on the topic of your essay, then put that into the first paragraph. Tell us what it is you're going to write about. If you're not sure, ask your friends or family members for help.Then you should make your points. This should be set out in a list. For example, you could have a list of reasons why you believe that your opinion is correct. You could also list a list of reasons why your ideas are right. Your list should show us your strengths and weaknesses.After the points, you should make your conclusion. Make sure you're clear and concise when you s ay your conclusion. If you need to add some extra information, then put that in at the end.Finally, you should spell out your thesis statement. You should be able to provide a summary of your main points. Don't forget to include a list of references where you got your information.When you're finished writing your essay, you should try to think of one or two of these persuasive samples and apply them to your main problem. Now you're almost ready to submit it to the paper.When you're finished, you should look over your essay again, making sure that the structure is correct and the sentence structure is working for you. Remember that this essay doesn't need to be perfect. It just needs to get a passing grade. If you find that it's too difficult, then you should give it a miss and move onto another idea.Write an essay like this every time you start with a new idea. That way, you'll find it easy to write well.

The Social Construction of Childhood Essay - 2194 Words

While all societies acknowledge that children are different from adults, how they are different, changes, both generationally and across cultures. â€Å"The essence of childhood studies is that childhood is a social and cultural phenomenon† (James, 1998). Evident that there are in fact multiple childhoods, a unifying theme of childhood studies is that childhood is a social construction and aims to explore the major implications on future outcomes and adulthood. Recognizing childhood as a social construction guides exploration through themes to a better understanding of multiple childhoods, particularly differences influencing individual perception and experience of childhood. Childhood is socially constructed according to parenting style†¦show more content†¦He then analyzes these measures into how it would be possible to change the perception of childhood, making it possible for all children, within any environment, to enhance their capabilities provided the oppo rtunities to reach success. He explores the experience of childhood according to social cultural beliefs and expectations, parental income, poverty, race and effects of parenting styles or adult roles in children’s environment. Tough tackles the theme centered on cultural belief and practice about what kinds of adults children should become, finding links to parental income. He focuses on the cognitive hypothesis which is based on the idea of preparing children for adulthood by sending them to school in order to learn cognitive skills such as problem solving, reading, writing etc. This theory relies solely on standardized testing to determine success and acts in creating a gap between children based on their economic status or parent’s income. According to the cognitive hypothesis, children who are born into low income and poverty experience a different type of childhood, a lesser quality than children who are born to middle or upper class parents. In other words, c hildren in poverty are not able to reach the same levels of success as children born into families with more money and therefore more resources. The experience of childhood by children in poverty differs from children not in poverty. Children in poverty are prone to more risk factors such as lackShow MoreRelatedSocial Construction of Childhood Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages1. Introduction Social constructionism gives meaning to phenomenon in social context and connections between culture and society build up realities in their circumstances. The studies of this idea have been conducted more than thirty years by a number of North American, British and continental writers (Burr, 1995). However, in childhood studies this notion appears later on. It is mostly held universally, childhood is a stage that biologically existing in human life in early years. It should be consideredRead MoreSocial Construction Of Childhood Essay770 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of social construction of childhood. I am very familiar with the history of psychology and children’s literature. My grandmother used to live with us when I was a young, and she told me many stories of the past. For this reason, I am able to link the materials I study to the real world. The social construction of childhood is somehow new to me. Especially the way Postman (1999) expresses social construction of chi ldhood. For example, he stated, â€Å"In the twentieth century, childhood began toRead MoreChildhood Is The Social Construction Of Children1606 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood is the social construction of children, where they develop and understand different relationships and cultures in their society. Children grow up during their childhood, when they realise their â€Å"sense of meaning in their lives† (Layard and Dunn 2009, p.9), by socializing and personal development. Childhood starts with a family, which is the beginning of life. Family is where children first learn about the world. In children’s perspective, as long as family members love each other, it isRead MoreChildhood And The Family A Social Construction1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdirectly influences the childhood and family relationship, something I aim to explore in this assignment. Is childhood and the family a social construction? Childhood according to Aries (1960) in his book ‘Centuries of Childhood’ is that childhood is not seen as a natural occurrence but a concept created by society. This has been argued and furthermore been researched by Cunningham (2006) in his book the ‘Invention of Childhood’, where he highlights the historical features of childhood in the Middle AgesRead MoreEssay on Social Construction of Child and Childhood1406 Words   |  6 PagesSocial construction of child and childhood To start with an overview of social constructionism in very general terms leads to build understandings of child and childhood in a social world more explicitly. Notion of social construction is defined in diverse disciplines and instead of generating a description there are a number of thoughts. â€Å"It is sometimes called a movement, at other times a position, a theory, a theoretical orientation, an approach; psychologists remain unsure of its status (StamRead MoreAssess the Sociological Explanation That Childhood Is a Social Construction.1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexplanation that childhood is a social construction. Childhood is the time of a person’s life when they are a child. Childhood is said to be socially constructed, meaning that it has not been influenced by nature but has been shaped by the quality of family life and the culture within society. The social construction of childhood points out that childhood is dependent on a number of social factors rather than a biological stage. Sociologists argue about what the term ‘childhood’ actually means. TheyRead MoreTo What Extent Can Childhood Be Considered a Social Construction?1489 Words   |  6 Pageswhat extent can childhood be considered a social construction? This essay will analyse the major experiences by which childhood is constructed: one determined by the society and the other examined personally. Following this approach will be explained socially constructed childhood that asserts children’s attitudes, expectations and understandings that are defined by a certain society or culture. Furthermore various aspects of childhoods will be taken into account in relation to social, economic, historicalRead MoreExamine How Social, Historical and Spatial Constructions of Childhood and or Youth Inform the Design, Practices and Values of a Selected Institution of Childhood or Young People.733 Words   |  3 PagesExamine how social, historical and spatial constructions of childhood and or youth inform the design, practices and values of a selected institution of childhood or young people. Childhood is not a biological state, unlike infancy (Postman) it is a construction placed upon a group of humans by society (James and Prout). Differing societies have different views of what a child is and should be. The ideas surrounding children and childhood not only differ within different societies there are alsoRead MoreCo Constructive Environments Create Learning Opportunities For Children927 Words   |  4 Pages Co-constructive environments create learning opportunities for children. The learning strategy of co-construction is an extension of the philosophy of constructivism that maintains interpretation is required to â€Å"make meaning† of the world (Schwandt, as cited in MacNaughton Williams, 2009). The early childhood setting often bases their program on the developmental play curriculum as this relates to Piaget’s theory of children’s cognition. This approach is about the child constructing their ownRead MoreHow Childhood Has Changed over the Centuries1220 Words   |  5 Pagesideas about childhood over the centuries, there are several points of discussion that arise. Many ideas surrounding the change and evolved over the centuries, ideas such as the views towards education and the impact of the industrial revolution on westerns societies views towards childhood, due to the limited space, this essay will focus on two underlying issues which have contributed greatl y to the changing ideas about childhood over the centuries, which are; the recognition of childhood and innocence

A Social Worker s Perspective Food Essay - 841 Words

Form a social worker’s perspective food is a human need and a right for everyone no matter a person’s race, sexual orientation, class, and status in society. Social workers understand the cycle leading to hunger in America and the impact it has on children and families. Hunger has divided families and communities by placing certain groups of people at greater risks of food insecurity. According (Coleman, Greogry Singh, 2014) â€Å"More than 1 in 5 children is at risk of hunger. Among African-Americans and Latinos, it’s 1 in 3†. Social workers plays a pivotal role implemented change in society by connecting ethical principles along with the standards of treatment from The Universal Declaration of Human Rights for the safeguard and well-being of society’s oppressed people. Human rights are the guided principles of freedom and liberty, in which everyone should have access to nutritious foods regardless of their race, sexual orientation and class. Lik ewise, social justice follows the beliefs of fairness and just treatment for all. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) strive for the amelioration of society’s most vulnerable people, the children. According to UDHR, (1948) Article 25 (1), â€Å"everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing†¦.† Yet many families are still struggling to feed their children. Given the critical need for food. Social workers have to analyzeShow MoreRelatedFood Stamps to SNAP Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesFood Stamp is a government-funded program in the United States. This is a program that helps people buy food for their families; in other words, it is a very important program to families living in poverty. It is the nation’s most important program in the fight against hunger. This program was developed in the 1960’s; it is made to improve the nutritio n level and food purchasing power of people with low-income. This program is offered to people who cannot afford to buy groceries for their familiesRead MoreKarl Marx And Functionalist Theory1329 Words   |  6 Pagessomething to agree with in each one of the three sociological perspectives. There is accuracy in conflict theory perspective in that those in power determine social order and structure. Symbolic interactionism concentrates on social interactions. Since society consists of different social structures, social interaction having an effect on society certainly makes sense. Functionalist theory takes a large-scaled or macro view of social structures or institutions. Within the institutions, there is aRead MoreThe Conflict Theory Of The Food Crisis931 Words   |  4 PagesThis food crisis is consequently causing an increasing gap between the rich and poor. This gap includes the amount and quality of food that is being consumed. Along the way, a solution to produce the amoun t of food needed to serve the population was to use Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). With the growing signs and evidence of the risk that GMOs bring, people have a right to know what is in the food that they are eating. Through conflict theory we can identify that the elite deter us from educatingRead MoreWal Mart1969 Words   |  6 Pageshighest- grossing company in the United States (Fortune 2008a), and is by far one of the most successful companies worldwide. Wal-Mart offers a place to buy the majority of our goods under one roof like electronics, furniture, clothing, pharmacy, sports, food, books etc. Wal-Mart sells good at lower price than the others and this is even shown by its slogan â€Å"save money, live better†.   It drives out smaller and sometimes even the expensive stores out of business due to its lower prices. Wal-Mart providesRead MoreThe Migrant Worker Lifestyle Can Be Largely Explained As A Subculture943 Words   |  4 PagesThe migrant worker lif estyle can be largely explained as a subculture. These people have their own values and behaviors that distinguish themselves from the average American. The migrant workers work for little pay, and believe that hard work will pay off for them. They travel north and south and across the United States following the harvests of different crops so they can work and get paid. The one thing that sets this apart from the larger culture is that they are not following around the easiestRead MoreCharacteristics Of Society And The Populations Living1648 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Department of Juvenile Corrections due to having that networking piece. The social worker at the agency is a licensed clinical social worker (LCSW) and is a contracted employee. Her role is to meet with the students and work with them one on one. The social worker conducts assessments, case management, works with the students and helps them establish action plans and goals they wish to accomplish. The social worker is in charge of planning and running group once a week for an hour that implementsRead MoreCompetency Based Assessment and Interviewing1653 Words   |  7 Pagestools and interviewing skills are available to the clinical social worker within a mental health setting. This paper will examine one such assessment tool, the competency based assessment, and its applicability in a mental health setting. A comparison will be made between this advanced assessment method and a generalist social work assessment. Interviewing people who have mental health concerns can offer challenges for clinical social workers. Several interviewing techniques that can help with someRead MoreA Marxist And Feminist Literary Criticism1243 Words   |  5 Pages A Marxist and Feminist Literary Criticism Being a single woman with a family to support in the 1930’s was not an easy job. Especially when society had so many chips stacked against them. Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I stand Here Ironing† is a short story that addresses feminine social disorders and inequalities as well as economic disadvantages that people of lower circumstances have to overcome to survive. In the short story it is basically an autobiography of Tillie Olsen’s life told by the narrator (Emily’sRead MoreWhy Employees Should Employees At The Electoral Process Of Which Rallies Are Part Of It?1685 Words   |  7 Pagesseparation among the classes restricted in their organization s own particular antidiscrimination strategy dispersed to workers (Browne, 1943). In response to the question, Biosport should allow their employees to participate in electoral process of which rallies are part of it, because is when they can make the right decision to choose noble leaders. It also demonstrates that the employers have knowledge on democratic rights, which the workers are entitled to. However, this should be well planned notRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage965 Words   |  4 Pagesright now in Florida is set at $8.05 but who can really live off that. It is absurd that the minimum wage has not increase since the 1960’s in real buying power. The reason for this statement is that the minimum wage in the 1960’s allowed people to buy more items then they could buy with the minimum wage in 2013. In Order have the same buying power as in the 1960’s the minimum wage in 2013 would need to be at least $9.84 an hour. However, the minimum wage in 2013 was only at $7.25 an hour which was

Perception of the African American Males Free Essays

Perception of the African American males African Americans males are considered dangerous based on a false identity, misconceptions, and misinformation that are available in the media; this includes but is not limited to rap music, news, and TV shows. This misconception can be traced as far back as slavery. The perception of blacks’ males as being dangerous began when the slave came to America on 1619. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of the African American Males or any similar topic only for you Order Now Due to the situation of being treated as property, to be freely bought and sold, and that the owner was free to split up a couple or family at any time simply by selling some of his/her slaves. African slaves started to behave in a hostile manner. Because of their behavior the Caucasians immediately started to classify the slaves as being dangerous, and they need to be tame as if they were wild animals. This lead the slave masters to start putting chain and walking around with their rifles when they would be in the fields with them. As it was stated in ‘The Brut Caricature†, it portrays black men as innately savage, animalistic, destructive, and criminal; deserving punishment, and maybe death. Due to the negative influence and portrayals of African Americans males, these individuals are often misguided. The nature vs. nurture theory comes into play. I. e. Low income black males are predisposed to innate qualities, while behavioral traits are learned i. e. through the media. â€Å"Get Rich or Die Trying† is the mentality of most African American males with the help of the media. Most males see themselves as rap stars, sports stars, and or comedians. There is limited exposure of African American as doctors or lawyers at an early age its learned that their chance of success in life is limited. The men in the low income communities have the tendencies of wanting to become like the â€Å"white man†. The main problem is that they portray the idea of â€Å"get rich quick†. These perceptions cause them to turn into drugs, and from there into violence and crimes. According to a 2006 National Urban League report a third of black males will spend time in prison before their 35th birthday. This fact could be because of the high school dropouts and the poor understanding they get from society. Yes, I said the poor understanding from society, because black men are one of the least understood groups in our country. People don’t look at the conditions that cause a lot of black men to be in the situations they’re in today, they just look at the results. † According to my findings, among men, blacks (28. 5%) are about six times more likely than whites (4. 4%) to be admitted to prison during their life. I also noted that there are more black males in prison in America than are in college. (The Black and White of Justice, Freedom Magazine). Volume 28. Another consequence for African Americans it’s that the â€Å"monster† image given by the Caucasian people are carry by the poor African American people. According to Stallworth (early 1990’s) young black males continue to follow patterns of slavery times. Many fulfill white America’s image of them legitimately by becoming successful gangster rappers, others fulfill these image illegitimately by becoming â€Å"bad niggers† Rappers, therefore reinforce the popular belief that as â€Å"bad ass niggers† young black can achieve fame, recognition, and sense of being (somebody). If they lose, however, they can face a long stay in our jails and prisons or even bodily injury and death. Which it’s happening now days. Media and the African American Males According to the book ‘Black Demons’ there is a â€Å"black pathology† a fundamental weakness in African American families that can be traced to their experiences as slaves. The news media, for example, have taken the lead in equating young African American males with aggressiveness, lawlessness, and violence. Likewise, the entertainment media have eagerly taken their cue from the journalists, and these false images not only affect race relationship but also create a self felling prophecy for African American youngsters, whose limits of achievement can be determined for them by suggestions in the media. A common stereotype about African American men is that they are engage in drug abuse a disproportionate way which it’s not true because according to statistics from the US department of Health and Human services that although eight percent of African American males cocaine, eleven percent of whites have use the same drug. This is, however, not the impression that we get from watching the evening local news or even an episode of television program COPS. Blacks Stereotyped of Being Intellectually Inferior and Criminals. Another common negative stereotype, establishes the African American male as intellectually inferior. Studies directed by psychologist Claude Stale, indicate that African American teenagers are aware that they are stigmatized as being intellectually inferior and the go to school bearing what psychologist Claude has called a â€Å"burden of suspicion† Such burden can affect their attitudes and achievements. These shadows hang over stigmatized people no matter their status or accomplishments. These stigmas have the potential to roll them of their individually and debilitate their attempts to break out of the stereotypical roles. Blacks are the repository for the American fear of crime. Ask anyone, of any race, to picture a criminal and the image will have a black face. The linked between blackness and criminality it’s routinized by terms such a â€Å"black-on-black crimes† or â€Å"black crimes†. I also have to mention the ‘black brute stereotype arise in the early 1870’s. Such stereotype is one of the pictures white Americans have in their heads about black men: as savage, violent amazingly strong and not caring about right and wrong. Even today according to my findings , blacks are three times more likely to be physically threatened, harmed or killed because if their race than whites. So this idea of whites as peaceful and blacks ad threatening to white is not rooted in fact. It is rooted in something else. Yes, there are black men who are violent and savage, who do unspeakable things. But there are white men like that too. In either case they are hardly common enough to reasonably determine one’s ideas about the ordinary people of their race. Rap Music and its influence in African American males Rap music celebrates vulgarity. Indeed, it markets vulgarity; that is its product. It is the vulgar excesses of rap-the profanity, the over-sized jewelry, the naked acquisitiveness, the sexual aggressiveness-that are its hallmarks. New media attention on rap music seems obsessed on instances of violence at rap concerts, rap producers’ illegal use of musical samples, gangster raps’ lurid fanatics of cop killing, and female dismemberment, and Black Nationalist rappers suggestions that white peoples are devils disciples. It seems that rappers to notice the influence they have in people mostly African American people, and by say this type of things they send an incorrect message to their fanatics and other people in general. In most of the songs you can find a high level of aggravated language, images, and high crimes scenarios. . According to the authors of these songs, they just make it for the entertainment of their fans without thinking of the image they are given of their people and themselves. One question and many answers from our society I took the duty to find out the perception that common US citizens have towards African American males, by submitting a question on (answersyahoo. com) people from all around our country answered to my question. The following are the answers to my survey. †¢ People poisonous stereotypes the black males with the â€Å"5 Ds†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬Å"Dumb, deprived, dangerous, deviant, and disturbed†. †¢ Lazy uneducated †¢ Drug dealers †¢ Poor †¢ Hate other races †¢ They are dirty †¢ Loud, obnoxious, rude My Opinion For these reasons and many other African American males are consider dangerous for our society. But stop and think for a minute, are they all really dangerous or this is only a big misunderstanding? Can we judge them all as a whole, or there are some of them that can be excluded of being stereotyped as â€Å"dangerous†, â€Å"criminal†, etc? In my opinion we cannot judged them all as a whole and we should also try to understand the reasons behind their actions. We have to learn how to be open minded and see things from different perspectives. We also have to realize that not everything that we see and listen in the media is always the truth, there is always a second part of a story and most of the time we fail to look for that second part. African American behavior has been shaped by us (society) because of our mistreatment towards them and our racism†¦ I believe if we change the way we look at them and express about them, they will change their behavior and we no longer will have to use the statement of â€Å"dangerous† when referring to a African American male. Conclusion To conclude to this issue in question I just have to say ‘Black or white, God gave us the opportunity to succeed, and regardless of the situation we are dealt, we can all live the life we imagined. After s days of research I can’t say there is a wrong or right theory about African American males because everyone has their own way of thinking and their own opinion. But just to add ‘the world would be shocked to know that the majority of black men make the right choices and build successful families and careers every day in America, yet are rarely discussed in the headlines’. Bibliogaphy How to cite Perception of the African American Males, Papers

The Sluggers Come Home free essay sample

Whats About â€Å"The slugger’s come home† is an explicative and demonstrative video that represents an example of a negotiation process. It shows, from a baseball theme example, how does negotiation between 2 parties may work. While the video shows us the perspective of both parties, it also gives us some extra information about negotiation process. At the beginning, Dr. Margaret describes the objective of the video. She drive us though the process and give us tips, recommendations, common errors and many explanation about what is happening during the negotiation. The video introduces a common negotiation example. It shows us 2 parties, one that have a baseball stadium that needs a team, and the other that has a team and wants a place to play. At first it seems like a very easy deal, as both parties wants what the other have, but as we understand each party point of view, is easy to see that the priorities have very high differences. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sluggers Come Home or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two main parties are the Curry brothers and real estate developer Barbara Meyers. Ted and Bill Curry are the owners of Curry field. They have one of the best playgrounds in the area. The field has a lot of history and now they have renovated the entire stadium, but they do not own a baseball team. The brothers want to see one good team playing in what seems to be a tradition on their family. They love baseball and all they want is to bring the Sluggers to the fans and the city. In the other side is Barbara Meyers. She manage a baseball team that currently is playing in an other field but she and their partner knows that the Curry field could give better options for incomings and prestige. Both parties want to make the deal. They both know it could benefit both sides to make the negotiation flow, but there’s some differences between that makes a little hard to involve in. The Curry brothers know their field is one of the best. They have really good intentions to make the team and the playground grow together, but they are a little bit under confidence. Even they have talk about it, and they agreed not to under or low they price, Ted, Bill and their partner knows Barbara is the best and maybe the only option they have to have a really good deal. So this make them feel insecure about having mistakes that make Barbara walk away. Barbara en the other hand is overconfidence. She knows she could do better in the Curry field but won’t pay more than what she is paying now. She does not want to look for opportunities, and that makes she a difficult negotiation partner. The Stanford Video Guide to Negotiating: The Sluggers Come Home Margaret Neale

The Political and Moral Framework The WritePass Journal

The Political and Moral Framework References The Political and Moral Framework Introduction The existing relationship between morality and law is both interlinked and complex. Morality may be interpreted as a collection of beliefs values and principles which can vary between individuals. The law however is usually interpreted as those principles and rules which direct and enforce certain types of behaviour in society can be punished. However there are many grey areas where it is difficult to reach agreement over morality and standards of behaviour in our society (Martin J, 2010). Positivism emphasises the separation of morality and law, pointing out that law is the group of official rules and regulations found in legislation, legal opinions and constitutions. It is used to govern a society and to control the behaviour of people. Law therefore is a formal aid to social contrast and legal systems are a route to establishing and keeping social order in society. Natural law theorists point out that if a law is not a moral one there is no reason to obey it, whereas positivists believe that until a law is changed, it is the law and should be obeyed. Morality requires the conforming to by following standards and principles, â€Å"a religious code of conduct†, a moral right, â€Å"a claim people would think is justified but not necessarily supported by law†. Morality is very personal to an individual, but law covers society. However in a legal system there is an overlap between legal and moral rules. Telling lies or acting dishonestly is usually thought to be morally wrong, and dishonesty in some circumstances may be thought as legally wrong (http://sixthformlaw.info (17th March 2011). The Hart – Fuller debate pointed to Hart’s belief that no necessary link between a legal system and ideas of morality existed. A legal system, he believed can function effectively though it is neither moral nor just. The Nazi regime, in his view was a legal system as the Nazis argued that racial distinctions were relevant and reflected the morality of their society (http://sixthformlaw.info (17th March 2011). Both Hart and Fuller agreed however that immoral and unjust legal systems were very likely to be unstable and short lived. By lacking morality and justice the allegiance of the people will not follow therefore repression of the people will result. When repression fails, the system will fail. Devlin (1959) pointed out that â€Å"law without morality destroys freedom of conscience and is the road to tyranny†. He argued that criminal law must respect and reinforce the moral norms of society to keep social order from breaking down. (http://sixthformlaw.info (17th March 2011) Law and morality are intertwined and both dictate the manner in which people are expected to behave. The making and passing of laws is heavily influenced by moral viewpoints and these have a very large effect on the progress of law. However in our society, morality and law do not happen at the same time, as one evolves and the other can be instant. Morality is a set of beliefs, values, standards and principles of behaviour, with individual morals varying from person to person (Martin J, 2010). Individual morality may be different to the accepted public or society morality. Moral values are almost always linked with beliefs and can be influenced by religious beliefs. In our society there are very many different religious views and these can be seen to influence and affect moral values within a particular religious group or society. Moral values are only morally binding within a society or group, they are not defined as the law. These values have usually been formed and have developed over a lengthy period of time and cannot be deliberately changed as they have slowly evolved. If changes are to be made then the changes will be gradual and be guided by the will and desire of the people, these changes will obviously take time to evolve. Moral values are almost a voluntary code of conduct and lifestyle and are followed and obeyed because of the possibility of guilt and shame being present if these values are not kept. However there are no punishments if the code of moral values is broken, but some religions may have the power to excommunicate or expel which, within that society, will act as a powerful deterrent to breaking the existing voluntary code of moral behaviour. Morality relies heavily on the individual sense of guilt or shame for its effectiveness (Martin J, 2010). The law however has different and separate rules which guide any conduct. It is binding and is enforceable. The law is able to be altered by legislation and can be changed almost immediately. However the code of conduct is obeyed because of an already existing sense of moral duty and the code is relevant and reasonable, but when the rules are broken some form of legal penalty is usually imposed. This contrasts sharply with morality aspect in which there are usually no punishments for breaches of that code (Martin J, 2010). There are many laws in the country that reflect the moral values of the vast majority of its people. There is also the overlap between morality and the law, as in murder being a crime and also being morally wrong. The law does appear to be based on moral positions but some are not accepted by everyone. The legalisation of abortion in the Abortion Act 1967 serves a vital need to protect the safety of women so that they could have abortions in safe, hygienic clinics under proper conditions (Martin J, 2010). Even with something as protective as this Act, some groups such as â€Å"Life† and â€Å"Lawyers for the Defence of the Unborn Child† fiercely opposed the morality of abortion. The Catholic Church argued that abortion is always wrong as in its belief, life begins at conception. Another contradiction involves sexual morality and the law, with people arguing that sexual conduct outside marriage is wrong, but it is not against the law, as with incest and adultery. Both are classed as morally wrong, but of the two only incest is against the law (Martin J, 2010). However the positivist stance is that properly constructed legal rules must be obeyed, regardless of morality issues or popularity in society (Martin J, 2010). The Wolfenden Committee, asked to examine and consider a variety of moral issues in 1957, recommended the legalisation of both homosexuality and prostitution. There was a lot of debate over these two issues which included the treatment by courts of cases involving both issues. Evidence was taken for three years and the committee concluded that the job of the law is to preserve public decency and public order whilst protecting the public from offensive and injurious actions, also to provide safeguards against corruption and exploitation particularly for those who are vulnerable in society. The Committee also stressed that the law did not exist to interfere in the private lives of the public or to enforce patterns of behaviour. The three main recommendations of the Wolfenden Committee were; Soliciting in the streets – should be classed as an offence. This resulted in the Street Offences Act 1959 and made soliciting illegal and aimed to protect citizens in the streets from being solicited or harassed by prostitutes (Price N, 1957). Homosexual acts – between adults in private should be decriminalised (criminal law should not interfere with private lives of citizens) This recommendation became part of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 and applied to men over 21 yrs of age, later reducing to 18 yrs of age in 1994 and to 16 yrs of age in 2000 (Price N, 1957). Prostitution – should be a private matter and not subject to interference by the law as it was a commercial act (Price N, 1957). Such was the nature of these recommendations that judge Lord Devlin and Professor Hart took opposing sides. Lord Devlin’s stance, that the findings of the Committee in which the law has no business with private morality criticised the findings. He said that private immorality harmed the public and that stability in the society is achieved through cohesion, therefore the law should safeguard it. His views were used by the courts in Shaw v DPP (1961) and R v Gibson (1991) and by the House of Lords in R v Brown (1992). Professor Hart supported the opposite view to Lord Devlin and backed the findings of the Wolfenden Committee. He argued that the moral standards in society have changed through the years and that departing from accepted standards of sexual morality by consenting adults has not threatened society. His views were followed by R v Wilson (1996) and R v Brown(1992) in the Court of Appeal. The Wolfenden Committee recognised that the law has a function to provide safety against corruption and exploitation of people, but Lord Reid argued that people who choose to corrupt themselves have that choice, it is their affair to do it and the law should not interfere. However, he continued that no licence should be given to anyone to encourage this practice. The effect of morality on English law therefore was considerable and even the European Court of Human Rights became involved when the case R v Brown (1994) was heard. This case involving homosexual sado-masochistic acts, resulting in injuries, demanded that they should be treated as unlawful although happening in private between consenting adults. The House of Lords ruled that a breach of the law of criminal assault had occurred. The defence of consent was not upheld despite the pleas from Lord Slynn and Lord Mustill claiming that the courts were not to protected people from themselves (Martin J, 2010). However the Court of Appeal in R v Wilson (1996) found that a wife could consent to her husbanding branding to her buttocks with a knife. Morals played a part in this ruling the court found that it was not their duty to interfere in the private acts between husband and wife (Martin J, 2010). These decisions again had an effect on morality, particularly when finding that private actions were not the concern of the courts, despite them seemingly being against the law. In criminal law, morality plays a large part, particularly when sexual offences are being committed. Offences of homicide and those which are not fatal acts are linked to the moral viewpoint that it is wrong to physically harm or even kill anyone without justification. The impairing of reasoning because of an abnormality of the mind – diminished responsibility, has been accepted and it is now wrong to convict a person of murder if he has that condition under The Homicide Act 1952 (Martin J, 2010). Refusing a blood transfusion on religious grounds, ensures that it cannot be given or would bring a charge of committing a criminal act, if the blood transfusion was given, even if a child’s life was in danger (Martin J, 2010). In recent years there have been cases of terminally ill patients wishing to die. No one can consent to aid their own death. Anyone assisting a person to die is guilty under the law of assisting suicide. A case of this nature was R v DPP (2001) brought about by the husband of Dianne Pretty. Her application to the courts that if her husband helped her to die he would not be prosecuted, was refused in the House of Lords despite public sympathy and approval. The ruling that her husband would be guilty of a criminal offence was upheld (Martin J, 2010). Before 1961 it was a criminal offence to commit suicide, as failure to do so when attempting suicide ensured prosecution for the offence. The law now has changed, and morality does influence the law as suicide attempts which fail are not always prosecuted (Gardner J, 2011). There are however several exceptions to the public policy of consent when assault charges are involved resulting injuries. These exceptions are usually found in examples from games or sports, tattooing, reasonable surgical acts, body piercing and horse play. These have been allowed because of general public interest, consent is accepted as a defence in these instances (Martin J, 2010). Finnis (1980) claimed that the law makes a moral claim for it-self and means that an ideal type of law (the paradigm) is a morally justified law. If the moral claims made by the law succeed in its moral aims, it is morally justified law. It is the law that lives up to the moral standards (Gardner J, 2011). A legal rule may be morally justified as it is applies to one action and not as it applies to another, in the same way it applies to one person and not as it applies to another person. It is therefore hard to imagine that any law has all the moral force that it claims for itself. The moral problem of the law is how or why it speaks to morally decent people, why it is trying to direct people to accept by claiming moral authority (Gardner J, 2011). The law always tells people what they must do without including virtue or advantage as being part of the law. It requires actions in the interest generally. One of the problems with morals is that they are wholly subjective and vary in application from one group or society, to another. What is frowned upon as immoral in one society may be tolerated in another (Green L, 2011). This can and does cause problems, particularly in cases such as abortion or adultery. These are both legal issues, but many believe to be immoral. Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech A.H.A (1986) showed that a mother challenged her daughter’s doctor for issuing contraceptives. The mother lost the first hearing, won in the Court of Appeal but lost again in the House of Lords. The whole case led to children having greater rights to make their own decisions on matters like medical treatment. â€Å"Gillick Competent† was a phrase coined for this development in the moral issue. Both morals and law involv e rules as the courts enforce the law but not social rules. If the morality is a shared belief then most people will obey the rules (Martin J, 2010). In conclusion, it is clearly shown that the relationship between the law and morals is a complex and intertwined one. They both dictate the manner in which people are expected to behave in their everyday lives and how moral beliefs can have a great influence on the making of laws. It is argued by some that many aspects of criminal law represent a common moral stand point. The moral standing of a community has an influence on the development of present and future law. The views of the Wolfenden Committee, Professor Hart and Lord Devlin feature strongly in moral and legal issues, with Lord Devlin maintaining that the law should support moral principles, even if public opinion changed. Professor Hart took a different a different and opposite view to that of Lord Devlin, arguing that there should be a clear separation of law and morality. Even when contradictions in law are shown, R v Wilson (1997), in an apparent criminal act, the crime was not punished as the Court of Appeal ruled that it was consensual, a private matter, and the law should not interfere. From the 1980’s and in some areas, earlier in time, rules and laws came about through custom and established practices whereby the community would show a united disapproval if a practice was broken. Legal sanctions were not used. In modern times there are changing morals, increasing numbers of laws and development of both. As these are almost always intertwined, our society appears to depend more on the law and its rules than on many previously held moral beliefs. References Access Law (Work Guide – Hand Out) – Law and Morals (2010/2011) Gardner J, (2004-2011) Law and Morality.pdf Available at: http://users.ox.ac.uk/~lawf0081/pdfs/lawmoralityedited.pdf Accessed: 18th March 2011 Green L, (2002-2011) The Inseparability of Law and Morality.pdf Available at: ivr2003.net/workshop_abstracts/documents/Greenfulltext.pdf Accessed: 18th March 2011 Martin J, et al. (2009) AQA Law for A2, Third Edition. London: Hodder Education. Price N, (1957) A-Level Law Review Vol.1, No.1. p28. Sussex: A-LEVEL LAW REVIEW Ltd.   Souper M, Sixth Form Law  © 2000-2010   Law and Morality Available at: http://sixthformlaw.info/01_modules/other_material/law_and_morality/index.htm Accessed: 18th March 2011 Bibliography Harbermas J, (1986) Law and Morality, Translated by Baynes K (Boston University), THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES: Harvard University USA.pdf Available at: tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/habermas88.pdf Accessed: 18th March 2011 Riley G, (2009-2011) Law and Morality in Economic Life Available at: http://tutor2u.net/blog/index.php/economics/comments/law-and-morality-in-economic-life/ Accessed: 18th March 2011 William I, et al. (2008) Theories of Law and Morality: perspectives from Contemporary African Jurisprudence, In-Spire Journal of Law, Politics and Societies (Vol.3, No.2).pdf   Available at: tannerlectures.utah.edu/lectures/documents/habermas88.pdf Accessed: 18th March 2011

Definition and Examples of Double Entendres

Definition and Examples of Double Entendres A double entendre is a  figure of speech in which a word or phrase can be understood in two ways, especially when one meaning is risquà ©. Also called innuendo. One of the most famous double entendres in American advertising is the slogan created by Shirley  Polykoff to promote Clairol hair coloring: Does she or doesnt she? The phrase double entendre  (from the French, now obsolete, for double meaning) is sometimes hyphenated and sometimes italicized. Examples and Observations Rebecca Kordecki . . . created little booties and a slide kit to use while performing moves that strengthen and lengthen the body. The name Booty Slide is a double entendre, she explains: We wear the booties on our feet, but the workout also lifts your booty.(Carlene Thomas-Bailey, American Fitness Crazes Hit the UK. The Guardian, Dec. 28, 2010)While many mento songs are about traditional folksong subjects, from political commentary to simple day-to-day life, a disproportionately large number of the songs are bawdy songs, often featuring poorly-veiled (and delightfully funny) sexual double-entendres. Popular mento songs include references to Big Bamboo, Juicy Tomatoes, Sweet Watermelon, and so on.(Megan Romer, Jamaican Mento Music 101, About.com World Music)Mrs. Slocombe: Before we go any further, Mr. Rumbold, Miss Brahms and I would like to complain about the state of our drawers. Theyre a positive disgrace.Mr. Rumbold: Your what, Mrs. Slocombe?Mrs. Slocombe: Our drawers. Theyre sti cking. And its always the same in damp weather.Mr. Rumbold: Really.Mrs. Slocombe: Miss Brahms could hardly shift hers at all just now.Mr. Lucas: No wonder she was late.Mrs. Slocombe: They sent a man who put beeswax on them, but that made them worse.Mr. Rumbold: Im not surprised.Miss Brahms: I think they need sandpapering.(Mollie Sugden, Nicholas Smith, Trevor Bannister, and Wendy Richard in Are You Being Served?) She touched his organ, and from that bright epoch, even it, the old companion of his happiest hours, incapable as he had thought of elevation, began a new and deified existence.(Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit, 1844)Nurse: God ye good morrow, gentlemen.Mercutio: God ye good den, fair gentlewoman.Nurse: Is it good den?Mercutio: ’Tis no less, I tell you; for the bawdy hand of the dial is now upon the prick of noon.Nurse: Out upon you! what a man are you!(William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet, Act II, scene three)Its impossible to ignore the prominence of water as a primary motif in black spiritual culture- from the debilitated Gospel pleas to be washed white as snow to the rebellion-coded double entendre wade in the water, which referenced both baptism and escape routes from slavery.(William J. Cobb, To the Break of Dawn: A Freestyle on the Hip Hop Aesthetic.  NYU Press, 2006)Womens Use of the Double Entendre in 18th-Century EnglandOf all the improvements in polite conversa tion, I know of nothing that is half so entertaining and significant as the double entendre. It is a figure in rhetoric, which owes its birth, as well as its name, to our inventive neighbours the French; and is that happy art, by which persons of fashion may communicate the loosest ideas under the most innocent expressions. The ladies have adopted it for the best reason in the world: they have long since discovered, that the present fashionable display of their persons is by no means a sufficient hint to the men that they mean any thing more than to attract their admiration: the double entendre displays the mind in an equal degree, and tells us from what motives the lure of beauty is thrown out. . . .The double entendre is at present so much the taste of all genteel companies, that there is no possibility either of being polite or entertaining without it. That it is easily learnt is the happy advantage of it; for as it requires little more than a mind well stored with the most natur al ideas, every young lady of fifteen may be thoroughly instructed in the rudiments of it from her book of novels, or her waiting maid. But to be as knowing as her mamma in all the refinements of the art, she must keep the very best company, and frequently receive lessons in private from a male instructor.(Edward Moore, The Double Entendre. The World, No. 201, Thursday, Nov. 4, 1756) Pronunciation: DUB-el an-TAN-dra